Electrons are described as having what type of charge?

Electrons are fundamentally characterized by having a negative charge. This intrinsic property is one of the defining features of electrons and is essential for understanding their role in atomic structure and chemical interactions. In an atom, electrons orbit the nucleus, which contains positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons. The negative charge of electrons balances the positive charge of protons, resulting in an overall neutral atom when the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

This negative charge is critical in various phenomena, such as electrical conductivity, chemical bonding, and the behavior of materials in electromagnetic fields. The concept of charge is a pivotal part of both chemistry and physics, influencing how particles interact with each other and with fields. Recognizing the charge of particles like electrons is foundational when studying radiation safety and protection, as it helps explain how radiation interacts with matter.