What is the primary function of a step-up transformer in radiation technology?

The primary function of a step-up transformer in radiation technology is to raise the voltage from a lower level, typically 110V, to a much higher level, which can exceed 60,000 volts. This is crucial in applications such as x-ray machines, where high voltage is necessary to accelerate electrons and produce x-rays. The increase in voltage is fundamental for the functionality of the imaging process; it allows for the necessary energy differences to enable x-ray production effectively.

The other options serve different roles and do not accurately represent the main purpose of a step-up transformer. Adjusting voltage to stabilize current is more characteristic of regulation equipment, while reducing radiation exposure is related to safety measures rather than transformer functionality. Lastly, converting AC to DC is accomplished by rectifiers, not transformers, as transformers primarily handle voltage changes in alternating current (AC) systems.