X-rays and gamma rays can be effectively stopped by what material?

X-rays and gamma rays are forms of high-energy electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate various materials. The effectiveness of a material in stopping or attenuating these types of radiation is largely determined by its atomic number and density. Lead is particularly effective at shielding against X-rays and gamma rays due to its high density and high atomic number. This combination makes lead capable of significantly reducing the intensity of radiation as it passes through. The dense atomic structure of lead provides a greater chance of interaction with the radiation, resulting in absorption or scattering.

Other materials listed, such as plastic sheeting, wood, and glass, are far less effective at blocking X-rays and gamma rays. While they can attenuate lower energy radiation to some extent, they do not possess the same level of effectiveness as lead for higher energy penetrating radiation. Therefore, when it comes to radiation safety and protection, lead is the preferred choice for shielding against X-rays and gamma rays.